What Is the Difference Between 1D and 2D Barcode Scanning?

There are two general classes of barcodes: one-dimensional (1D or linear) and two-dimensional (2D). They are used in different types of applications, and in some cases are scanned using different types of technology. The difference between 1D and 2D barcode scanning relies on the layout and amount of data that can be stored in each, but both can be used effectively in a variety of automatic identification applications.

1D Barcode Scanning:

Linear or 1D barcodes, like the UPC code commonly found on consumer goods, use a series of variable-width lines and spaces to encode data — what most people probably think of when they hear “barcode.” Linear barcodes hold just a few dozen characters, and generally get physically longer as more data is added. Because of this, users typically limit their barcodes to 8-15 characters.

Barcode scanners read 1D barcodes horizontally. 1D laser barcode scanners are the most commonly used scanners, and typically come in a “gun” model. These scanners do not need to be in direct contact with the 1D barcode to work properly, but typically need to be within a range of 4 to 24 inches to scan.

1D barcodes are dependent on database connectivity to be meaningful. If you scan a UPC code, for instance, the characters in the barcode have to relate to an item in a pricing database to be useful. These barcode systems are a necessity for large retailers, and can help increase inventory accuracy and save time.

How Much Data Can a 1D Barcode Hold?

The data-holding capacity of a 1D barcode, in comparison to its 2D counterpart, operates on a more simplistic scale. Unlike the versatile 2D barcodes, 1D barcodes have a straightforward structure influencing their data storage capabilities.

Exploring the Data Capacity of 1D Barcodes:

• Linear Representation: One-dimensional barcodes are linear data representations with varying widths and spacings of parallel lines. This linear structure inherently limits the amount of data they can encode.
• Numeric Focus: 1D barcodes excel in encoding numeric data, displaying a proficiency that aligns seamlessly with numerical information. Although they can incorporate alphanumeric characters, their primary strength lies in efficiently encoding numeric data, making them especially suited for tasks such as representing product identification numbers or serial codes.

2D Barcode Scanning:

2D barcodes, like Data Matrix, QR Code or PDF417, use patterns of squares, hexagons, dots, and other shapes to encode data. Because of their structure, 2D barcodes can hold more data than 1D codes (up to 2000 characters), while still appearing physically smaller. The data is encoded based on both the vertical and horizontal arrangement of the pattern, thus it is read in two dimensions.

A 2D barcode scanner doesn’t just encode alphanumeric information. These codes can also contain images, website addresses, voice, and other types of binary data. That means you can make use of the information whether you are connected to a database or not. A large amount of information can travel with an item labeled with a 2D barcode scanner.

2D barcode scanners are typically used to read 2D barcodes, although some 2D barcodes, like the commonly-recognized QR code, can be read with certain smartphone apps. 2D barcode scanners can read from over 3 feet away and are available in the common “gun” style, as well as cordless, countertop, and mounted styles. Some 2D barcode scanners are also compatible with 1D barcodes, giving the user more flexibility in how they are used.

 What Is the Size Limit of a 2D Barcode?

The dimensions of a 2D barcode are not predetermined and vary depending on the type of barcode and its encoding method. This adaptability is a crucial element that allows 2D barcodes to accommodate various amounts and levels of data.

Let’s delve into the variations of 2D barcode size considerations.

Understanding the Size Limit:

• Variable Capacities: Unlike their 1D counterparts, 2D barcodes don’t adhere to a rigid size limit. The data capacity of a 2D barcode is contingent on factors such as the type of symbology used, error correction level, and the size of the data modules.
• Symbology Impact: Different 2D barcode symbology come with varying size constraints. For instance, a Data Matrix barcode may have a different size limit than a QR Code.

The table shows the difference between 1D and 2D Barcode scanner based on their features:

Feature	1D Barcode scanner	2D Barcode Scanner
Dimensionality	1-dimensional (linear)	2-dimensional (matrix)
Data format	Limited (typically alphanumeric strings)	Richer (can encode text, URLs, images, and other data)
Information encoded	Typically product codes, IDs, or serial numbers	Can hold significantly more information
Scanning speed	Faster	Slower
Reading distance	Shorter	Longer
Complexity	Simpler technology	More complex technology
Cost	Lower	Higher
Applications	Widely used for scanning product barcodes, inventory management, tickets, etc.	Used for applications requiring more data, such as mobile marketing, asset tracking, document management, etc.
Scanner type	Laser scanner	Imager (camera-based)

Applications for 1D and 2D Barcode Technology:

1D barcodes can be scanned with traditional laser scanners, or using camera-based imaging scanners. 2D barcodes, on the other hand, can only be read using imagers.

In addition to holding more information, 2D bar codes can be very small, which makes them useful for marking objects that would otherwise be impractical for 1D barcode labels. With laser etching and other permanent marking technologies, 2D barcodes have been used to track everything from delicate electronic printed circuit boards to surgical instruments.

1D barcodes, on the other hand, are well suited for identifying items that may be associated with other information that changes frequently. To continue with the UPC example, the item the UPC identifies will not change, although the price of that item frequently does; that’s why linking the static data (item number) to the dynamic data (the pricing database) is a better option than encoding price information in the barcode itself.

2D barcodes have increasingly been used in supply chain and manufacturing applications as the cost of imaging scanners has fallen. By switching to 2D bar codes, companies can encode more product data while making it easier to scan items as they move on assembly lines or conveyors — and it can be done without worrying about scanner alignment.

This is especially true in the electronics, pharmaceutical, and medical equipment industries where companies have been tasked with providing a large amount of product tracking information on some very small items. For example, the U.S. FDA’s UDI rules require several pieces of manufacturing information to be included on certain types of medical devices. That data could be easily encoded on very small 2D barcodes.

Emerging Trends in Asset Tracking Technology

Asset tracking technology is undergoing significant changes, driven by advancements in several key areas. These developments are making asset management more accurate, efficient, and integrated into broader business systems. Here’s what to expect:

Key Trends:

1. IoT Integration:

• Real-Time Monitoring: IoT devices are becoming more common in asset tracking, allowing for real-time monitoring. Sensors embedded in assets can provide continuous updates on location, usage, and condition.
• Data Collection: IoT facilitates large-scale data collection, helping businesses gather more detailed information about their assets.

2. Advanced Sensor Capabilities:

• Detailed Condition Monitoring: Modern sensors can track various environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and vibration. This helps in maintaining asset health and preventing failures.
• Increased Precision: New sensor technologies offer greater accuracy in data collection, improving the reliability of asset tracking.

3. Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics:

• Maintenance Prediction: AI algorithms can analyze historical data to predict when maintenance is needed, reducing downtime and extending asset life.
• Operational Efficiency: AI can optimize asset usage and deployment by analyzing patterns and making recommendations based on data trends.

4. Blockchain for Data Integrity:

• Secure Tracking: Blockchain technology provides a decentralized ledger that records every transaction or change in asset status, ensuring data security and transparency.
• Tamper-Proof Records: This technology helps prevent unauthorized alterations to tracking data, maintaining the integrity of the information.

5. Enhanced GPS and RFID Solutions:

• Improved Accuracy: Advances in GPS and RFID technology offer better precision in tracking asset locations. This is crucial for managing assets in large or complex environments.
• Greater Reliability: Newer GPS and RFID systems are more reliable and can function in various conditions, including those with high interference or obstructions.

Impact:

These trends are leading to more efficient asset management processes. Businesses can expect improved accuracy in tracking, better data insights, and enhanced security, which collectively contribute to optimized operations and reduced costs.

Selecting the Optimal Barcode System for Your Need

Choosing the right barcode system is crucial for effective asset tracking. The following will help you determine the best barcode solution based on your specific requirements.

Key Considerations:

1. Assess Your Requirements:

• Type of Assets: Determine what kinds of assets you need to track. Different assets may require different types of barcodes based on their size, shape, and the data you need to encode.
• Scanning Environment: Consider where and how the barcodes will be scanned. This includes factors like lighting, potential for wear and tear, and exposure to chemicals or extreme temperatures.

2. Choose the Right Barcode Type:

• 1D Barcodes: These are best for simpler applications where only a small amount of data is needed. Examples include UPC and Code 128. 1D barcodes are typically used for retail and inventory management.
• 2D Barcodes: These are suitable for more complex applications where more data needs to be encoded. Examples of 2D barcodes include QR codes and Data Matrix codes. They can store more information and are often used in logistics, manufacturing, and asset tracking.

3. Evaluate Durability:

• Environmental Resistance: Ensure the barcode labels are durable enough for the conditions they will face. This includes resistance to moisture, chemicals, abrasion, and extreme temperatures.
• Label Material: Choose materials that will withstand the physical demands of the environment, such as durable plastics or laminated labels.

4. Check Scanner Compatibility:

• Compatibility with Existing Equipment: Make sure the barcodes are readable by your current scanners. Verify that the scanning technology (laser or camera-based) can handle the barcode type and size.
• Performance Requirements: Consider the scanning range and resolution needed for accurate reading. Ensure the barcode quality meets these performance standards.

5. Ensure System Integration:

• Software Compatibility: Confirm that the barcode system integrates smoothly with your asset management software and databases. This integration is essential for seamless data entry and tracking.
• Data Management: Ensure that the system supports efficient data collection, storage, and retrieval.

6. Evaluate Cost Efficiency:

• Initial and Ongoing Costs: Compare the costs of barcode printing, scanning equipment, and maintenance. Weigh these costs against the potential benefits in terms of improved asset tracking accuracy and efficiency.
• Return on Investment (ROI): Assess how the barcode system will impact your overall asset management process and whether it justifies the investment.

While there is a difference between 1D and 2D barcode scanning, both types are useful, low-cost methods of encoding data and tracking items. The kind of barcode (or combination of barcodes) you select will depend on the specific requirements of your application, including the type and amount of data you need to encode, the size of the asset/item, and how and where the code will be scanned.

Also read – 3 Ways that 2D Barcodes Increase Warehouse Efficiency